10.17889/E109505V1
Parsons, Christopher A.
Yates, Michael C.
Sulaeman, Johan
Hamermesh, Daniel S.
Replication data for: Strike Three: Discrimination, Incentives, and Evaluation
ICPSR Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research
2010
10.1257/aer.101.4.1410
10.1257/aer.101.4.1410
1
Major League Baseball umpires express their racial/ethnic preferences
when they evaluate pitchers. Strikes are called less often if the
umpire and pitcher do not match race/ethnicity, but mainly where
there is little scrutiny of umpires. Pitchers understand the incentives
and throw pitches that allow umpires less subjective judgment (e.g.,
fastballs over home plate) when they anticipate bias. These direct
and indirect effects bias performance measures of minorities downward.
The results suggest how discrimination alters discriminated
groups' behavior generally. They imply that biases in measured productivity
must be accounted for in generating measures of wage discrimination.
(JEL J15, J31, J44, J71, L83)